Material angle division
From the point of view of producing damping material, the shock absorber mainly has two kinds of hydraulic and pneumatic, there is also a kind of variable damping shock absorber.
Hydraulic type
Hydraulic shock absorber is widely used in automotive suspension system. The principle is that when the frame and the axle to do reciprocating motion relative to the piston in the ER shock absorber cylinder reciprocating movement, the oil shock absorber shell will be repeated from cavity through narrow pore flow into another cavity. At this time, the friction between the liquid and the inner wall and the inner friction of the liquid molecule form the damping force of the vibration.
Inflatable
Inflatable shock absorber is a new type of shock absorber developed since 60s. The structure is characterized in that the lower part of the cylinder barrel is provided with a floating piston, and a closed air chamber which is formed at one end of the floating piston and the cylinder is filled with high pressure nitrogen gas. In the floating piston is fitted with a large section of the O type sealing ring, it is completely separated from the oil and gas. Work with the size of the piston is provided with a speed change compression valve and expanding valve cross-sectional area of the channel. When the wheel moves up and down, the working piston shock absorber in reciprocating motion oil, the pressure difference between the upper and lower chambers of the working piston, oil pressure will open the compression valve and expanding valve and flow back and forth. Because the valve on the pressure oil to produce a greater damping force, so that the vibration attenuation.
Structure angle division
The structure of the shock absorber is inserted into the cylinder with a piston rod, and the cylinder is filled with oil. The piston is provided with a throttling hole, so that the oil in the two part of the space which is separated by the piston can complement each other. Damping is in the viscous oil flow through the opening of the flow, the smaller the throttle orifice, the greater the damping force, the greater the viscosity of oil, the greater the damping force. If the throttle hole size is the same, when the shock absorber operating speed, damping off the impact of the impact of the general assembly. Therefore, to set up a disk-shaped valve spring at the exit orifice, when the pressure change when the valve is opened, orifice opening larger, smaller damping. As the piston is a two-way movement, so are equipped with piston valve spring are respectively called the compression valve and valve done.
According to the structure, the shock absorber is divided into two types: single cylinder and double tube. Can be further divided into: 1 single cylinder air pressure shock absorber; 2 dual tube hydraulic shock absorber; 3 dual tube oil and gas shock absorber.
Double drum type
The shock absorber has two internal and external cylinder, piston, cylinder, piston rod and due to the out cylinder oil volume increases and contraction, therefore by the exchange to maintain the balance of the oil cylinder and the outer cylinder. Therefore, the double tube shock absorber to have four valves, in addition to the above mentioned piston two throttle valve, and the completion of the exchange between the inside and outside of the circulation valve and the compensation valve.
Single drum type
Compared with the double drum type, the single cylinder shock absorber is simple in structure, and a set of valve system is reduced. The lower part of the cylinder barrel is provided with a floating piston, which is a closed air chamber, which is filled with high pressure nitrogen gas, which is formed under the floating piston. The liquid level height caused by the piston rod passing through and out of the oil liquid is automatically adapted to the floating piston. In addition to the above two kinds of shock absorbers, there is also a resistance adjustable shock absorber. It can change the size of the orifice through an external operation. Recently, the electronic control type shock absorber is used as a standard equipment, the driving state is detected by the sensor, the optimal damping force is calculated by the computer, and the damping force adjustment mechanism on the shock absorber can work automatically.
Concrete description of the tube shock absorber
The shock absorber is widely used in the automobile suspension system, can play a damping effect in the compression and expansion stroke and, therefore it is also called double action shock absorber.
Kit includes: 1 piston rod; 2 working cylinder; 3 piston; 4 stretch valve; 5 oil cylinder; 6 compression valve; 7 compensation valve; 8 flow valve; 9 guide seat; 10 dust cover; 11 oil seal.
When the automobile wheel moves near the vehicle body, the shock absorber is compressed, and the piston moves downwards in the shock absorber. The volume of the lower chamber of the piston is reduced, the oil pressure is increased, and the oil liquid flows through the flow valve to flow to the upper chamber of the piston (upper chamber). Superior is a piston rod to a part of space, and increase the volume of less than inferior cavity reduced volume, a part of the oil liquid and then pushed back into the storage cylinder compression valve. These valves for oil saving the formation of the suspension of the suspension by the compression force of the damping force. The shock absorber is away from the vehicle body, and the shock absorber is stretched, and the piston of the shock absorber moves upward at the moment. The piston chamber pressure increases, the circulation valve is closed, the upper chamber oil pushing expanding valve into the inferior vena cava. As the piston rod, since the cavity flow of the oil is not enough to fill a cavity increased volume, the inferior vena generates a vacuum, then the oil storage cylinder oil liquid pushed into the vena supplementary compensation valve. The role of the throttle valve on these, so the suspension doing stretching exercises play a damping effect.
Due to the stiffness and pretension design of the expansion of the valve spring is greater than the compression valve, at the same pressure, expansion valve and the corresponding normal through gap and the channel cross-sectional area is less than the sum of the compression valve and corresponding Changtong slit channel cross-sectional area of the total. This allows the shock absorber damping force generated by the expansion stroke is greater than the damping force of the compression stroke, achieve rapid damping requirements.
